Pepper (Panniyur-1/Karimunda)

Planting: Vines: Plant near standards at 3 m×3 m. Bush Pepper: Plant in 5–10 kg pots.
Manuring: Apply 10 kg FYM and 100 g Neem cake per vine annually.
Irrigation: Critical during summer (Jan–May). Basin irrigation or drip required.
Importance: "Black Gold" of Kerala; Panniyur-1 is high-yielding hybrid.
Nutrient Value: Contains Piperine (active alkaloid), Vitamin K, Iron, and Manganese.
Medicinal Value: Bio-enhancer; used for respiratory ailments and digestive stimulant.
Ecological Value: Enhances biodiversity in multi-tier agroforestry systems.
Ornamental Value: Bush Pepper has exceptional ornamental value as compact fruiting shrub.